Post By：2021/6/3 15:16:05
[size=4][color=#000000] 冠心病是一种现代社会常见的慢性[/color][/size][url=http://www.so.com/s?q=%E5%BF%83%E8%84%8F&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn][size=4][color=#000000]心脏[/color][/size][/url][size=4][color=#000000]疾病。 由于供应心脏营养的血管——冠状动脉发生粥样硬化病变，引起血管管腔狭窄甚至堵塞，导致[/color][/size][url=http://www.so.com/s?q=%E5%BF%83%E8%82%8C%E7%BC%BA%E8%A1%80&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn][size=4][color=#000000]心肌缺血[/color][/size][/url][size=4][color=#000000]、缺氧和影响[/color][/size][url=http://www.so.com/s?q=%E5%BF%83%E8%84%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn][size=4][color=#000000]心脏的功能[/color][/size][/url][size=4][color=#000000]，从而产生的[/color][/size][url=http://www.so.com/s?q=%E5%BF%83%E8%84%8F%E7%97%85&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn][size=4][color=#000000]心脏病[/color][/size][/url][size=4][color=#000000]称为[/color][/size][url=http://www.so.com/s?q=%E5%86%A0%E7%8A%B6%E5%8A%A8%E8%84%89%E7%B2%A5%E6%A0%B7%E7%A1%AC%E5%8C%96%E6%80%A7%E5%BF%83%E8%84%8F%E7%97%85&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn][size=4][color=#000000]冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病[/color][/size][/url][size=4][color=#000000]，简称为冠心病。主要表现为[/color][/size][url=http://www.so.com/s?q=%E5%BF%83%E7%BB%9E%E7%97%9B&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn][size=4][color=#000000]心绞痛[/color][/size][/url][size=4][color=#000000]、[/color][/size][url=http://www.so.com/s?q=%E5%BF%83%E5%BE%8B%E5%A4%B1%E5%B8%B8&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn][size=4][color=#000000]心律失常[/color][/size][/url][size=4][color=#000000]、[/color][/size][url=http://www.so.com/s?q=%E5%BF%83%E5%8A%9B%E8%A1%B0%E7%AB%AD&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn][size=4][color=#000000]心力衰竭[/color][/size][/url][size=4][color=#000000]，可能猝死。 控制血压、[/color][/size][url=http://www.so.com/s?q=%E8%A1%80%E8%84%82&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn][size=4][color=#000000]血脂[/color][/size][/url][size=4][color=#000000]、[/color][/size][url=http://www.so.com/s?q=%E4%BD%93%E9%87%8D&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn][size=4][color=#000000]体重[/color][/size][/url][size=4][color=#000000]和戒烟能有效防止冠心病的发生和发展。[/color][/size][url=http://www.so.com/s?q=%E7%97%85%E4%BA%BA&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn][size=4][color=#000000]病人[/color][/size][/url][size=4][color=#000000]应在[/color][/size][url=http://www.so.com/s?q=%E5%8C%BB%E5%B8%88&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn][size=4][color=#000000]医师[/color][/size][/url][size=4][color=#000000]指导下服用药物。 [/color][/size]
[size=4][color=#000000] (1)充分认识冠心病的症状：典型的[/color][/size][url=http://www.so.com/s?q=%E5%86%A0%E5%BF%83%E7%97%85%E5%BF%83%E7%BB%9E%E7%97%9B&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn][size=4][color=#000000]冠心病心绞痛[/color][/size][/url][size=4][color=#000000]表现为阵发性的[/color][/size][url=http://www.so.com/s?q=%E8%83%B8%E9%AA%A8&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn][size=4][color=#000000]胸骨[/color][/size][/url][size=4][color=#000000]后不适，多呈挤压或紧缩感，常放射至左肩、左臂、左手甚至[/color][/size][url=http://www.so.com/s?q=%E9%A2%88%E9%83%A8&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn][size=4][color=#000000]颈部[/color][/size][/url] [size=4][color=#000000]和喉部等，在激烈劳动或情绪激动、饱餐、受寒[/color][/size][url=http://www.so.com/s?q=%E7%AD%89%E6%97%B6&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn][size=4][color=#000000]等时[/color][/size][/url][size=4][color=#000000]诱发。历时短暂，持续几秒到十几分钟，一般不超过20分钟，休息或舌下含服[/color][/size][url=http://www.so.com/s?q=%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E7%94%98%E6%B2%B9%E7%89%87&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn][size=4][color=#000000]硝酸甘油片[/color][/size][/url][size=4][color=#000000]，即可缓解。但是，假如这些症状的发作频率比平时高或者严重的话，那么应该马上联系主诊医生。假如症状经过休息和服用药物，15分钟还没缓解，那么应该马上拨打急救电话。要记住，把医生的电话和急救的电话都帖在电话旁边的墙上，以免情急的时候遗忘。 [/color][/size]
[size=4][color=#000000] (2)减少冠心病的[/color][/size][size=4][color=#333333][url=http://www.so.com/s?q=%E5%8D%B1%E9%99%A9%E5%9B%A0%E7%B4%A0&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn][color=#000000]危险因素[/color][/size][/url][color=#000000]，[/color][/color][size=4][color=#000000]这些措施包括： [/color][/size]
[size=4][color=#000000] 1．少吃动物脂肪和[/color][/size][url=http://www.so.com/s?q=%E8%83%86%E5%9B%BA%E9%86%87&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn][size=4][color=#000000]胆固醇[/color][/size][/url][url=http://www.so.com/s?q=%E5%90%AB%E9%87%8F&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn][size=4][color=#000000]含量[/color][/size][/url][size=4][color=#000000]高的食物，如[/color][/size][url=http://www.so.com/s?q=%E8%9B%8B%E9%BB%84&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn][size=4][color=#000000]蛋黄[/color][/size][/url][size=4][color=#000000]、鱼子、动物内脏等。少[/color][/size][url=http://www.so.com/s?q=%E5%90%83%E8%82%89&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn][size=4][color=#000000]吃肉[/color][/size][/url][size=4][color=#000000]，[/color][/size][url=http://www.so.com/s?q=%E5%A4%9A%E5%90%83%E9%B1%BC&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn][size=4][color=#000000]多吃鱼[/color][/size][/url][size=4][color=#000000]和[/color][/size][url=http://www.so.com/s?q=%E8%B1%86%E5%88%B6%E5%93%81&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn][size=4][color=#000000]豆制品[/color][/size][/url][size=4][color=#000000]，[/color][/size][url=http://www.so.com/s?q=%E5%A4%9A%E5%90%83%E8%94%AC%E8%8F%9C&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn][size=4][color=#000000]多吃蔬菜[/color][/size][/url][size=4][color=#000000]、水果。 [/color][/size]
[size=4][color=#000000] 2．节制饭量，[/color][/size][url=http://www.so.com/s?q=%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E4%BD%93%E9%87%8D&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn][size=4][color=#000000]控制体重[/color][/size][/url][size=4][color=#000000]。 [/color][/size]
[size=4][color=#000000] 3．限制食盐的摄入，每日以10克以下为宜。 [/color][/size]
[size=4][color=#000000] 4．如有高血压应在医师指导下长期服用降压药物，使血压保持在正常或较低水平。 [/color][/size]
[size=4][color=#000000] 5．不吸烟，节制饮酒。 [/color][/size]
[size=4][color=#000000] 6．生活要有[/color][/size][url=http://www.so.com/s?q=%E8%A7%84%E5%BE%8B&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn][size=4][color=#000000]规律[/color][/size][/url][size=4][color=#000000]，避免过度紧张和情绪波动。保持大便通畅、睡眠充足。 [/color][/size]
[size=4][color=#000000] 7．可做轻微的[/color][/size][url=http://www.so.com/s?q=%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn][size=4][color=#000000]体育活动[/color][/size][/url][size=4][color=#000000]，如打太极拳、做广播操、散步等。 [/color][/size]
[size=4][color=#000000] (3)按时服药：常备缓解心绞痛的药物，以便随时服用。有些患者在症状消失的时候，便认为已经治愈，自行停止[/color][/size][url=http://www.so.com/s?q=%E7%94%A8%E8%8D%AF&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn][size=4][color=#000000]用药[/color][/size][/url][size=4][color=#000000]或者用药不规律。要知道，这些药物能提高[/color][/size][url=http://www.so.com/s?q=%E5%BF%83%E8%82%8C&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn][size=4][color=#000000]心肌[/color][/size][/url][size=4][color=#000000]供血和维持心脏的功能。遵循[/color][/size][url=http://www.so.com/s?q=%E5%8C%BB%E5%98%B1&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn][size=4][color=#000000]医嘱[/color][/size][/url][size=4][color=#000000]、按时服药、规律用药，是有效控制冠心病的保障。若有持续[/color][/size][url=http://www.so.com/s?q=%E7%96%BC%E7%97%9B&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn][size=4][color=#000000]疼痛[/color][/size][/url][size=4][color=#000000]或服药不能缓解，应立即到就近的医院[/color][/size][url=http://www.so.com/s?q=%E6%80%A5%E8%AF%8A&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn][size=4][color=#000000]急诊[/color][/size][/url][size=4][color=#000000]。 [/color][/size]
[size=4][color=#000000] (4)定时进行复诊：医生一般会要求患者每隔一段时间到医院进行相应的检查，评价心脏的功能和治疗的效果。严格按照医生嘱咐的时间进行复诊，有利于疾病的监控和及时发现其他并发症状。[/color][/size]
[size=4][color=#000000]青岛市即墨区蓝村卫生院[/color][/size]
[size=4][color=#000000]孙秀梅 孙艳丽 张淑芹[/color][/size]
